A small town named Neutrino was built in the valley, in conjunction with the construction of the laboratory, to house the scientists and their families.

Carpet relied on liquid scintillator detectors to study cosmic ray air showers.

Carpet also made discoveries of astrophysical importance, such as detecting a giant flare in the Crab Nebula in 1989.

The Carpet cosmic ray experiment continues as of 2017, and it is being upgraded to use a gamma-ray telescope.

BNO is also home to the Andyrchi air-shower array, located on the surface above BUST in the mountain slope.

The BNO-observatory is planning (as of 2021) a new major detector, the Baksan Large Underground Scintillation Telescope (BLUST).