Evidence revealed the disposal of untreated sewage, including raw sludge laden with high levels of fecal coliform and E. coli, into water sources such as the Suikerbostant River and Gasteplaas Dam.

Residents endured contaminated drinking water and ongoing sewer spills, with the mismanagement of the Balfour Wastewater Treatment Works exacerbating the crisis.

We will not hesitate to take firm action against any entity that disregards its legal obligations.” The court’s judgment also emphasised the municipality’s admission of guilt on all charges, underscoring the gravity of the violations.

The Department of Water and Sanitation has reaffirmed its commitment to ensuring municipalities adhere to compliance notices and prioritise sustainable environmental practices.

Residents of the affected areas, who have long endured the consequences of the municipality’s negligence, have welcomed the court’s decision, expressing hope that the ruling will bring much-needed accountability and change.