[5][23][24] Tetrapod, fish, and arthropod fragments are common in several layers at Burnmouth, not just in fine-grained overbank deposits[20][22][25][26] but also coarse river channel conglomerates, an unusual mode of preservation.

[5][29] Additional Midland Valley sites include Crumble Edge (along Whiteadder Water),[30] Coldstream,[5][31] Cockburnspath,[32][5] Cove (in Berwickshire),[31] and Whitrope Burn (near Hawick).

[33] A few locales in nearby Northumberland, England encompass fossil-bearing outcrops of the Ballagan Formation, such as Berwick-upon-Tweed[34][35] Barrow Scar (near Alwinton),[31] and a borehole core at Norham.

Auchenreoch Glen, near Dumbarton, was the collection site for the nearly complete type fossil of Pederpes finneyae, which was the oldest named tetrapod of the Carboniferous upon its discovery.

[38] The Ballagan Formation preserves a plethora of tetrapod, fish, and invertebrate fossils, reconstructing one of the most diverse continental ecosystems known from the Tournaisian stage.