The Balmoral Reef plate's ocean crust is less than 12 million years old and is spreading between the New Hebrides and Tonga subduction.
[5][6] The plate forms the west central part of the seafloor of the North Fiji Basin.
The plate's movement vectors, as accepted today, were first proposed in 2003 by Bird.
[4] Its boundaries and angular momentum were further defined in 2011 and 2018 with refinement of tectonic plate deformation and strain rate.
[7][8] The Balmoral Reef plate however may be less rigid, as assumed in such modelling, as it is dominated by active deformation zones.