Ban Zhao

She also had great interest in astronomy and mathematics and wrote poems, commemorative writings, argumentations, commentaries, essays and several longer works,[1] not all of which survive.

[3] Ban Zhao is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.

This treatise on the education of women was dedicated to the daughters in Ban Zhao's family but was circulated immediately at court.

[6] One study asserts that it establishes a "different concept of agency ... forged out of the powerlessness of individual women, which is familial, communal, indirect, and conferred by others.

"[7] Others, however, have argued that Ban Zhao's assertions of the value of a woman's mediocrity and servile behavior in Lessons for Women are incompatible with feminism and that attempts to present her as a feminist are misplaced.

[9] She taught Empress Deng Sui and members of the court in the royal library, which gained her political influence.

[10] Ban Zhao was also a librarian at court, supervising the editorial labors of a staff of assistants and training other scholars in her work.

Ban Zhao as depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, preface 1690) by Jin Guliang
Image of Ban Zhao by Shangguan Zhou (上官周, b. 1665)