In the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18, Prince Eugene of Savoy conquered the Banat region from the Ottoman Empire, which was recognized by the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718).

The Banat of Temeswar was abolished on 6 June 1778, and on 23 April 1779, it was incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, while its former territory was divided into three counties: Torontál, Temes and Krassó.

The province was bound to repopulate after the Habsburg conquest because it had a low population density on the grounds that the territory sustained a lot of adversity from the previous wars.

[citation needed] According to the first census conducted by the Habsburg military authorities, the population of Banat numbered about 20,000 inhabitants, mostly Serbs.

According to data from 1774, the population of the Banat of Temeswar was composed of:[8][page needed] The first official census took part during the rule of Joseph II, from the late 18th century.

They were military governors and chefs of provincial administration (in German: Militärpräsidenten der Landesadministration des Temescher Banats).