Banpo is a Neolithic archaeological site located in the Yellow River valley, east of present-day Xi'an, China.

The houses at Banpo were circular, built of mud and wood on low foundations, with overhanging thatched roofs.

According to the paradigm of archaeology influenced by Marxist historiography that was prevalent in China at the time the site was being excavated, Banpo society was considered to be matriarchal; however, new research contradicts this claim and the Marxist paradigm is gradually being phased out in modern Chinese archaeological research.

[7] The archaeological evidence to date has not allowed for deeper insight or analysis concerning the religious or political structure of Banpo society.

[11] Banpo is known for a characteristic type of decorative pottery, with a red clay coating all over the body, and geometrical drawings in black, typically depicting a round human head with some fish around it.