Banul Mărăcine

Barbu was ultimately killed in Istanbul, having encountered the wrath of Suleiman the Magnificent; Nicolaus escaped punishment and fled to the Spanish Empire, but still styled himself a Prince.

[5] Beyond this dispute, it is likely that Neagoe and all other Craiovești descended from one Vlacsan Florev, which made them relatives of three other kingmaking boyar families: the Florescus, the Buzești, and the Drăgoești.

[11] In late 1530,[12] another member of the family, Drăghici Gogoașă, passed himself off as Neagoe's son, rather than his cousin, in an effort to usurp Vlad VI.

[13] As noted by scholar Constantin Rezachevici, historians were prone to identify Drăghici and Mărăcine as one and the same person, until documents discovered in 1976 proved them wrong.

[14] The actual Mărăcine, or Barbu III Craiovescu, also appears to have been entangled in the conspiracy to topple Vlad VI, but, according to Oprea, only from March 1532.

A writ of the period notes that the estates of "Jupan Barbul and Preda the Ban" were confiscated by the Prince, then assigned to Mărăcine's loyalist nephew, Hamza of Obislav.

[16] Like his father, Mărăcine probably established his regional court southwest of Craiova, in his family's fortified church, and built primitive defenses along the Jiu River.

[17] By then, the political landscape of Wallachia had been complicated further, with Vlad Vintilă and some of the boyars remaining loyal to the Ottomans, while others began hatching plots to align the country with the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, which was fighting the Little War.

This text suggests that "Barbul Ban" was removed from office, but still withdrew to Craiova; in retaliation, Oltenia was invaded by loyalists from Buzău County.

[27] Though they do not record the name of Paisie's usurper, scholars Cristina Feneșan and Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont discuss him as involved in Ottoman in-fighting: the anonymous boyar favorite was also backed by Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, the Ottoman Grand Vizier; the latter lost his position and his life in early 1563, being replaced by Ayas Mehmed Pasha, who probably supported Paisie.

[30] Rezachevici proposes that Mărăcine may have traveled through Europe before moving to Istanbul with his wife, his unnamed daughter, and a son, Nicolaus Bassaraba.

In July 1536, Božidar Vuković "della Vecchia", who spied on behalf of the Holy Roman Empire, noted that an unnamed "king of Wallachia", present in Istanbul, had signed up to the project of anti-Ottoman rebellion.

[33] According to Claudiu Neagoe, "Nicolae Basarab, son of Barbu Craiovescu" was to be installed as puppet ruler following Hercalid's defeat of Peter the Younger.

[36] Although much of the family was expunged from Wallachia, its matrilineal descendants continued to claim and hold high offices at the court of successive Princes.

[39] Armaș Detco of Brâncoveni, who was Marga's in-law and possibly also more directly related to the clan, remained loyal to Paisie and received many of the old Craiovești estates.

[43] One hypothesis in the community of historians argues that Nicolaus was the father of Cremonese Basarab, who in November 1599 tried to replace Nicolae Pătrașcu as Wallachian Prince, with Ottoman backing.

[48] The other surviving Craiovești line briefly took the Wallachian throne in 1603, with Radu Șerban, widely seen as the second reigning member of the house, after Neagoe.

[56] In 1844, the "Thracian" account was picked up by historian Jean Alexandre Vaillant, who argued that it was entirely based in fact, and who suggested that Ronsard meant to say he was Wallachian.

[17] Donat, who established the connection between Mărăcine as a folkloric character and the historical Barbu III, also noted that "the local tradition of Dolj proved closer to reality than Ronsard's poetic whim.

"[61] In addition to picking up ideas from Vaillant, Alecsandri may have been inspired by the writer Gheorghe Asachi, who endorsed a version of the legend which identified Ronsard's ancestor with a "Romanian knight".

It backdated the narrative to the 12th-century Second Bulgarian Empire, showing Ivan Asen and Peter II as the lovers of Mărăcine's two daughters, and depicting one of the Ban's sons, Petru, as a refugee to France (as well as Ronsard's ancestor).

[74] Historian Nicolae Iorga viewed Alecsandri's ballad a "youthful idiocy", although he concluded that Ronsard's claim to a "Thracian" origin was not entirely baseless.

[75] Similarly, scholar Mircea Eliade proposed that Ronsard, while unrelated to Mărăcine and Oltenia, could have taken his family name from the town of Râmnicu Sărat.

[76] In later decades, the myth was again revisited as a somewhat plausible account by scholars such as Frédéric Boyer (1965) and Elena Vulcănescu (2008)—the latter believes that Ronsard may have hailed from the Vlachs of Moravia.

[61] In January 1922, Elena Farago was announced as editor of an upcoming Banul Mărăcine magazine, put out from Craiova;[77] during the interwar, poet Victor Eftimiu tried but failed to sell his screenplay, based on Alecsandri's myth, to producers at Pathé.

"[79] A dance routine known as Banul Mărăcine is described by Constantin Kirițescu as an "eminently athletic" and modern concept, one of several "arranged and stylized from folk elements".

[83] In the 1910 and '20s, Banul Mărăcine dances were still being performed in the Kingdom of Romania;[84] according to one report from 1916, they were in fact named "for the Roumanian general who developed it in order to give his soldiers something to occupy their time during leisure hours.

"[85] Sociologist Henri H. Stahl noted in 1939 that the dance routine had been created as a cabaret act by Moceanu, and came with fantasy Romanian costumes that were later adopted as authentic by Romania's urbanized peasants.

[87] "Banul Mărăcine" landmarks include a street in Timișoara, which took that name in the interwar years,[64] and, from March 1944, a Romanian Railways station located southeast of Craiova.

[90] As part of the urban systematization occurring in Communist Romania during the 1970s, a new quarter, named "Banu Mărăcine", was attached to Curtea de Argeș.

Teodosie 's body being held up by his mother, Princess Milica , in a contemporary votive icon. The Prince's death transferred his claim to collateral Craiovești, including Mărăcine
Latin signature of Nicolaus Bassaraba , referring to himself as heir to "Transalpine Wallachia"
Matei Millo in drag , appearing as a French lady in V. A. Urechia 's Banul Mărăcine . Photograph by Carol Szathmari