Bao ying

Model humanity: Main philosophical traditions: Ritual traditions: Devotional traditions: Salvation churches and sects: Confucian churches and sects: Bàoyìng (Chinese: 報應) is a concept of cosmic and moral reciprocity in the Chinese folk religion.

It implies that people dwell in a moral universe, a universe that is kept ordained by mores, good actions, thus moral retribution is in fact a cosmic retribution.

(書經•湯誥)[2] In Buddhism and Daoism, bàoyìng is equated to the concept of dharmic retribution.

The cosmic significance of bào yìng is better understood exploring other two traditional concepts of fate and meaning:[3] Mìngyun and yuánfèn are linked, because what appears on the surface to be chance events (for better or worse), are part of the deeper rhythm that shapes personal life based on how destiny is directed.

[10] They are ultimately shaped by bào yìng, good action.