[1][8] In 2007 Cohen joined Marshall Space Flight Center to support the planning for human exploration of the Moon for the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program.

[2][9] She led the MSFC planetary science team[10] and was the lead US project scientist for the International Lunar Network, a proposed mission to understand the Moon's composition.

[11] She is the Principal Investigator of the Marshall Space Flight Center (now Mid-Atlantic) Noble Gas Research Laboratory (MNGRL), using noble-gas isotopes to understand the temperature-time histories of rocks and meteorites.

[24] Cohen was Associate Principal Investigator of the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity, where she was identifying the nature and origins of Martian impact material.

[26] Cohen contributed to "The Scientific Context for Exploration of the Moon", a 2008 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report.

[32] Cohen won the 2018 Angioletta Coradini Mid-Career Award from NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI).