Barbara Ringer

[7] Ringer contributed to the 1967 Intellectual Property Conference at Stockholm that further revised the UCC and Berne Convention.

[3] Ringer worked as the Director of the Copyright Division of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Paris from 1972 to 1973.

[8] Ringer retired in May 1980 and entered private practice with the Washington, D.C. law firm, Spencer & Kaye.

[3] After she retired, Ringer was invited to testify about the convention before the Judiciary Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks.

[3] Ringer published studies, monographs, and articles in legal and professional journals and conducted empirical research about copyright law throughout her career.

[9] She noted her superior qualifications, including her experience and performance reviews, as evidence of sex discrimination.

[9] The D.C. District Court held that "the Librarian violated his own regulation regarding discrimination" in the choice of Cary over Ringer for that position.

[6] Ringer wrote and spoke about how copyright laws should be updated to reflect new technologies, including television, commercial radio, and copy machines.

She described the resulting legislation as a completely new copyright statute, intended to deal with a whole range of problems undreamed of by the drafters of the 1909 Act.

"[14] Ringer moved to rural Bath County, Virginia, where she cataloged books at her local public library.