[4] He subsequently studied at Wadham College, Oxford and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in History and Politics in 2016.

[6] After graduating from Oxford, Raine went on to complete a Master of Arts in History at Columbia University, New York, in 2018 and is currently writing his PhD at the same institution on "the decline of thinking about the end of capitalism".

[7][9] In 2023, Raine became a member of the editorial team of Salvage, a subscription-based journal of 'revolutionary arts and letters'[10] and had previously contributed to publications such as The Guardian,[11] Jacobin,[12] n+1, Vashti Media, Red Pepper, New Internationalist, RealClearPolitics, Socialist Worker, and Politics/Letters.

[13][14] He often makes appearances on Novara Media's news livestreams on YouTube, and has occasionally guest-hosted the content.

He gained media attention following a 2011 speech protesting the planned increase in university tuition fees.