Barneston is a village in Gage County, Nebraska, United States.

The present-day town of Barneston was settled at the site of one of the largest Oto villages in the 19th century.

Barneston was founded by a French fur trapper who was married to an Oto woman.

[4] Barnestown was platted in 1884 when the Marysville and Blue Valley Railroad was extended to that point.

[6][7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.24 square miles (0.62 km2), all land.

28.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 10.3% of families and 14.2% of the population living below the poverty line, including 6.8% of under eighteens and 23.5% of those over 64.