[3][4] The genus is named after Oscar Theodor Baron who collected the first specimen in the Sierra Madre region of Mexico.

[6] Morphological characteristics include an abdominal scent organ in females.

[9][10] Baronia brevicornis is of particular importance due to its relict nature and uncertain relationship to other subfamilies such as the Parnassiinae.

The butterfly was considered as the most primitive extant papilionid taxon and shares some features with the fossil genus Praepapilio, and a comprehensive 2018 molecular phylogeny suggests that they are the sister group of the remainder of the Papilionidae.

This article related to members of the insect order Lepidoptera is a stub.