Barthélemy Aneau (c.1510–1561) was a French poet and humanist.
He is known for his novel Alector, ou le coq, and his work on emblems.
He was born in Bourges but later moved to Lyon where he became regent, then principal of the Collège de la Trinité.
[1] In Lyon, he was part of the cultural life of the city and of a cenacle of scholars (Maurice Scève, Pierre Tolet) who were working to promote new reflections on poetic language.
His works include: He was killed in 1561, during riots in Lyon, in or near the college.