Born in Braniewo, Poland, Białkowski made his Polish league debut on 30 October 2004 for Górnik Zabrze in a 3–1 away defeat to Dyskobolia Grodzisk.

He retained his place after Davis became available again by turning in some strong performances, including saving a Michael Kightly penalty in a 6–0 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers on 31 March 2007.

[8] Białkowski was replaced by Davis at the beginning of the 2007–08 season when Southampton lost 4–1 to Crystal Palace in the Championship and 2–1 to Peterborough United in the League Cup.

On 24 November he made his first league appearance for Southampton in over two years, replacing the injured Kelvin Davis in the 61st minute of the match against Hartlepool.

This run in the side coincided with Southampton's Football League Trophy Area Semi-Final tie against Norwich City.

The match went to penalties and Białkowski saved the efforts of Michael Nelson, Matthew Gill and Cody McDonald to see his side through to the next round.

[24] He made his Notts County debut on 11 August 2012 in a League Cup tie at home to Bradford City.

In his next game against Leyton Orient Białkowski was involved in a collision with Charlie MacDonald, he was carried off the field and taken to hospital where he was treated for concussion and a deep cut to the forehead.

Białkowski was praised by the Notts County management team in their 0–0 draw with Swindon as he made a number of vital saves.

He kept his place for the majority of the season as Town reached the Championship play-offs, but was left out of the team for compassionate reasons following the death of his father in August 2015.

[40][41][non-primary source needed] Bialkowski would later state his discontent with former manager Hurst over him being dropped without explanation in an interview, branding his actions to be "disrespectful".

[43] He had previously been linked with a permanent move to the club back in June, but the deal ultimately fell through due to a complication with his medical.

[49] Białkowski's first experience of international football came in 2007, when he was called up to the Poland U20 squad to compete in the FIFA U-20 World Cup in Canada.

[50] Białkowski made his senior international debut for Poland on 23 March 2018 in a 1–0 friendly defeat by Nigeria, coming on as a half-time substitute for Łukasz Fabiański.