Battery B, 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery Regiment was an artillery battery that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Battery B, 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery Regiment was organized in Providence, Rhode Island and mustered in for a three-year enlistment on August 18, 1861, under the command of Captain Thomas F. Vaughan.

The battery was attached to Stone's Brigade, Division of the Potomac, to October 1861.

Artillery, Stone's (Sedgwick's) Division, Army of the Potomac, to March 1862.

Artillery, 2nd Division, II Corps, Army of the Potomac, to June 1863.