Battle of Cuarte

[5] It was possibly the most important of El Cid's victories and the first against a large Almoravid army in the Iberian Peninsula; it also halted their advance in the Levante during the remaining years of the 11th century.

[6] In the 1098 diploma of endowment of the new Cathedral of Santa María consecrated on what had been the main mosque, Rodrigo signs "princeps Rodericus Campidoctor"[7] considering himself an autonomous sovereign despite not having royal ancestry, and the preamble of said document alludes to the battle of Cuarte as a victory achieved quickly and without casualties over an enormous number of Muslims.

[13] Passing through Granada (five days later),[13] they were joined by part of the garrison of the Almoravid governor of this province, Ali ibn Alhagg,[14] and the regular army of the former Zirid taifa integrated into the Granada military contingent,[15] and later on it is fairly certain that they were joined by Andalusian troops from the taifas of Lérida (no more than 3,000 knights under the command of their governor Sulayman Sayyid al-Dawla), Albarracín (which would not reach the hundred armed knights commanded by Abu Marwan 'Abd al-Malik, long-lived lord of the taifa between 1045 and 1103), and perhaps also from Segorbe [es] under the orders of Ibn Yāsīn and Jérica [es], whose lord was Ibn Yamlūl, in which case they would contribute a few dozen mounted soldiers each, since the Andalusian Levant at this time was fragmented into fortresses governed by caids or lords who dominated little more than their alfoz; To this should be added the number of foot soldiers they provided: between 3 and 5 for each knight, counting the squires, pages and mule drivers.

In addition, the Hispano-Arab troops were very useful due to their knowledge of Christian military techniques (they had fought alongside this cavalry on numerous occasions) and the characteristics of a siege war.

[22] Furthermore, he made sure to avoid as far as possible the risk of internal rebellion or fifth columnists within Valencia itself, a very considerable danger in a city that was home to approximately 15,000 inhabitants and a large pro-Almoravid faction, which had helped to overthrow Yahya al-Qadir in 1092 and to raise Ibn Jahhaf to power immediately before Rodrigo Díaz's conquest.

He spread the threat that he would execute the Muslims who still remained in Valencia if the Almoravids besieged it, thereby maintaining this population in a state of submission out of fear, which could have been inclined to collaborate with the enemy; in addition, with this measure he raised the morale of the host itself.

[29] After Ramadan,[30] the Almoravids began hostilities on October 14[31] with the sound of drums, añafiles and screams, looting orchards and destroying, as far as possible, the neighborhoods outside the city walls, and accompanying their daily attacks with the firing of arrows by archers.

[1] However, the effects of psychological warfare and El Cid's propaganda that the arrival of Alfonso VI's army was imminent had already caused the defection of several Almoravid corps, leaving the southern and southwestern area of Valencia unsurrounded.

[39] The victory allowed El Cid, who signed the document of endowment of the new Cathedral of Santa María in 1098 as "princeps Rodericus Campidoctor", to secure and reinforce the possession of the Principality of Valencia as a Christian stronghold until his death in mid-1099 and prevented Muslim expansion until 1102 in the Levante, which retreated to Xàtiva.

It was not until 1110, long after the death of El Campeador, that the Taifa of Zaragoza fell into Almoravid hands, although they were only able to keep the capital of the middle Ebro valley under Islamic rule for eight years.

[40] After the death of El Campeador, his wife Jimena managed to defend the city with the help of her son-in-law Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona until May 1102, when King Alfonso VI ordered its evacuation and Valencia once again passed into the hands of the Almoravids.

Layout of the Islamic wall of Valencia and location of its main gates.