Following their victory Siward returned home, leaving Malcolm in control of lands from where he was able to further challenge Macbeth.

[1] This resulted in Duncan's death on 14 August 1040 in the battle of Pitgaveny, near Elgin, after which Macbeth became King of Scotland.

[1] Following the death of Duncan, his son Malcolm Canmore became an exile living with the court of Edward the Confessor, King of England.

[4] An alternative scenario is that Siward hoped a friendly king in Scotland would aid his claim to the rule of Cumbria and took the chance to act while Edward was busy in the south.

[4] The 14th-century historian John of Fordun writes that the invasion caused confusion among the locals who were unsure who to support, suggesting that there may have been Scots loyal to Malcolm fighting alongside the English under Siward.

[3] According to the 12th-century chronicler Henry of Huntingdon, Siward ravaged the kingdom after his victory over the Scots and their Norman allies.