Battle of Kishegyes

The Hungarian Revolutionary Army was under the command of Antal Vetter and Richard Guyon, while the Habsburg Corps was under the Ban of Croatia's Lieutenant Field Marshal, Josip Jelačić, in alliance with the Croatian and Serbian units.

Soon afterwards, Hungarian troops attacked Jelačić's army, defeating it and forcing it to retreat to the Titel plateau, which was fortified by the Serbians.

As a result, the Hungarian forces retook regions from Bácska, lost after the Battle of Káty, and gained territory back after the initiative on the Southern front.

[3] Sensing that the division of Guyon stationing at Kishegyes would soon join with the Kmety division,[2] he felt that he had three options: to remain in defense alongside the Ferenc channel, which would expose his troops to a Hungarian attack from the front or the back, to retreat to the fortified Titel plateau, or to attack the Hungarians before they joined their forces using the tactic of defeat in detail.

[3] In the case of a victory, he hoped that his troops would be safe from Hungarian attacks until Julius Jacob von Haynau's main Austrian army arrived from Komárom two or three weeks later.

To avoid the danger, he decided that in the case of a defeat, his troops would be cut from their retreat route, and pushed into the waters of the Ferenc channel.

[4] He left two battalions and a battery in Bácsföldvár, Szenttamás, and Verbász, and two cavalry companies at Kula to guard his crossing troops.

[2] Guyon learned about Jelačić's attack plan, so he prepared a defense position centered on Kishegyes with his troops numbering around 8,000, but he could not count on Kmety's 4000 soldiers, who were on a mission towards Kula.

[2] On July 14, the Bánffy division was at Perlasz, on the other side of the river Tisza, quite opposite to the Titel plateau, far away from the future battlefield, but still they would have an indirect role in the battle.

[5] According to the military historian József Bánlaky, Guyon, who was informed about the forthcoming attack, organized a champagne party, waiting for the Austrian troops to show up, and in order to make Jelačić more confident and careless, he didn't even send patrolling units that night, but he put his troops to wait in their positions with weapons in their hands, in the darkness the showing up of the enemy.

[2] Guyon sent two Hungarian infantry battalions to attack the right wing of the Ban, putting Puffer's brigade in danger.

[6] In addition to the problems suffered on the battlefield, Jelačić was informed by his rearguards that four companies of Hungarian hussars, sallying from Feketehegy, approached towards the ammunition reserves of the Austrians, causing them to flee to Verbász.

[6] Understanding the danger, the Ban of Croatia sent General Horváth with two battalions of infantry, six cavalry companies, and three 12-pounder cannons towards Feketehegy,[2] stopping the Hungarian attack; then he ordered his troops to start the retreat.

However, the order given to Kmety reached Kula only on July 15, and although his troops marched more than it was planned for that day (almost 25 km),[6] they arrived only to Kerény, and their vanguard to Szivác.

[7] After the victory, Lieutenant General Antal Vetter, the main commander of the Hungarian forces, gave the order to his troops to advance south and entered Pétervárad on July 17, where he installed his headquarters.

[7] On the same day, Vetter received the order to march with the IV Corps to Szeged to reinforce the Hungarian troops there, threatened by the approach of the main Austrian army led by Haynau, leaving behind only the division of Kmety.

On July 31, the government gave Kmety the order to move with his troops on the left bank of the Tisza river, which he did on August 3, ending the military operations from the Bácska region.

Vetter Antal Marastoni József
Guyon Richard
Josip Jelačić painting 1850
Battle of Kishegyes from July 14, 1849