Tuareg rebellion (2012): 2012 coup Internal conflict in Azawad: Foreign intervention: 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 On September 17, 2023, clashes broke out between the CSP-PSD and the Malian junta in Léré, Mali.

Since the start of 2023, tensions had intensified between the Malian junta that took power in 2021 and the allied Wagner Group mercenaries against the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD), a coalition of the former rebel Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) and the pro-government Platform militias.

Malian and Wagner forces attacked the town of Ber in August 2023, the first major clashes between the two groups since the signing of the Algiers Accords in 2015.

[7] The Malian Army also estimated that eight CSP-PSD vehicles were destroyed with thirty men killed or injured, but stated that they only found the bodies of seven militants within the camps boundaries.

[8] The CSP-PSD claimed the deaths of thirty-five Malian soldiers during the battle, along with six taken prisoner, several dozen injured, several vehicles captured, and a large number of weapons and equipment seized.