When the Austrians replaced the French as occupying power in May, the state of Glarus returned to the Ancien Régime for a short time, with even the instigator of the judicial murder of Anna Göldi receiving government honors.

[21] During the Egyptian Expedition Bonaparte's, Great Britain expanded its struggle against the revolutionary France through alliances with Austria, Russia and others monarchical ruled states led to the Second Coalition War.

Previously, Feldzeugmeister Archduke Charles of Austria had led the French troops in the Helvetic Republic under Obergeneral André Massena to the Linth-Limmat line was thrown back (First Battle of Zurich), but was then replaced by Korsakov.

He tried to reach Schwyz via the Chinzig Chulm, but learned in the Muotatal about Korsakov's defeats against Massena in the Second Battle of Zurich and Hotzes against Divisional general Jean-de-Dieu Soult at Schänis on 25/26.

[31] Under the eyes of the Austro-Russians, the Glarner-Zeitung wrote on October 3:[32] «The 1st Wine Month was a terrible day, the Imperial Austrians received help from the Russian peoples, under the command of the famous hero Suwarow Italy across the Gotthard, united, they attacked the Franks at the beginning of Lake Klöntaler, and defeated them not only there, but also in all places, behind and near Riederen, Durschen,[33] Nettstall, etc.

Their advance also threatened to cut off about a thousand French people in the Sernftal and upper Linth Valley, who then fled over Glarus, the Ennetbühlser Brücke and the Ennetberge, throwing their ammunition wagons into the water.

[44] The manufacturer Johann Heinrich Blumer, who fled to Zurich, owned the Haus in der Wiese (Wiesli 5) in Glarus, where Suworow spent the last night before his retreat and Molitor also took up residence several times.

[45] According to the family chronicle of master carpenter Balthasar Joseph Tschudi from Ennenda, who visited the Russian camp in Netstal, there were wounded people lying there "almost in all the cellars and lairs.

Perhaps never before had they shown more fortitude and bravery: assured of Gazan's support, Molitor forgot ten days of fatigue, privation and dogged fighting [...] The position was conquered and retaken.

The outnumbered Republicans fought bitterly to buy time for Gazan's division to arrive from Shenis; In this battle, the 2nd Helvetic Half-Brigade, electrified by the memories that the name Näfels awakened in it, covered itself in glory alongside the French.

[49] After Gazan finally left Weesen, he forced the Russians to retreat to Glarus.»[50] Immediately afterwards, the most detailed report on the battle was written by Molitor, who, as the victor, did not need to embellish much.

The reports of the Archduke, Jomini and Molitor were summarized by the Military Science Major General Carl von Clausewitz, who served not only in his homeland Prussia but also in Russia, as follows: "The 1st.

Despite his resistance and although he made good use of the impractical terrain and the reinforcements it gave him, the enemy was pushed back [...] The battle lasted until 10 o'clock in the evening when Major General Prince Bagration dropped outposts as night fell and that Camp set up.»[64] The fact that Suvorov only described the beginning and the end of the day supports the assumption that he spent it in bed.

[66] This is largely the case Miliutin's report is an adaptation of Molitor's, garnished with (alleged) heroic deeds of the head of a musketeer regiment, Major General Nikolai Kamenski.

[67] The later Russian War Minister Miliutin describes the fighting at Lake Klöntal much more dramatically than the French general: "In the heat of the battle, many slipped on the rocks and fell backwards into the depths.

[69] The following episode described by Miliutin corresponds to the quoted report of a Swiss eyewitness: "A small French detachment had taken up a position between Glarus and Schwanden to observe Lincken's Austrian column.

It was also here where the old venerable field marshal, sensing all the danger that threatened us, reached into his gray hair and exclaimed to those around him: 'One never says of a man before his death that he was always happy' [...]»[86] According to Gryazev's diary, it was assumed that Suvorov had already decided in the Muota Valley to leave "this miserable Switzerland" by the shortest route.

Massena reported to the Directorate in Paris: «Since General Suvorov was informed of my plan and of the movements of Generals Loison and Mortier and was exhausted by the bloody battles that he had fought from Bellinzona to Glarus had had to deliver without ceasing, the country could neither provide him with food nor provide him with any help and he had already had to leave behind most of his luggage, his mules and his ammunition, and had had to throw some of his artillery into the lakes, he wanted to take advantage of the only way out that remained to him, [...] to withdraw via Schwanden into the valley of Engi and to Graubünden, hitting those of his wounded who still had the least strength and left us in Muotathal, Glarus and all the surrounding villages more than two thousand of them who were no longer able to walk.»[89] In the French revolutionary armies people addressed each other as "citizens".

Poland's national hero (who died in Solothurn in 1817) concluded: "In short, the superior knowledge of the French generals, the incomparable bravery of the Republican soldier are the best guarantors of the victory.»[91] Wilhelm Meyer described the two armies in the Second Battle of Zurich.

[93] According to British Lt. Col. William Stewart, who took part in the Second Battle of Zurich, the Russians suffered losses "beyond any proportion I could have imagined had I not witnessed them myself," because they were «courageous soldiers, unconcerned with their lives, ready to be led to anything, but completely ignorant of the use of their musket as a firearm».

[101] In contrast to the red Swiss which the mediation government provided to Napoleon, the soldiers of the demi-brigades auxiliaires helvétiques wore blue coats like the French infantrymen.

[102] About the attack on the Gotthard Pass, where the Russians faced fewer than a thousand French,[103] reports Grjatsev's diary: «As for the enemy prisoners, we had none in this battle: bayonet relieved us of the unnecessary trouble of carrying them with us, especially since there were no Austrians here with us, and apart from them none of us took on this menial duty.

Massena wrote to Molitor on October 31: «[...] it will not be forgotten that you with your only brigade resisted the Austro-Russians for several days, that you beat them, that you took prisoners from them, that you with tenacity and cold blood defended important positions for the army and that in this way you prepared the defeat of Suvarov.

On October 17, Wickham wrote to Foreign Minister Grenville that Suvorov's habit of eating an early lunch and then sleeping late was incompatible with the conduct of military operation, and in fact, the Russian had as head of the Army of Italy never visited a post or scouted a position.

[128] Weyrother judged that Suvorov did not have to wait for Rosenberg and the pack animals to arrive, since "Glarus provided unexpectedly good and better meat, potatoes and bread than they earned."

Weyrother called the Grand Duke (who was educated by a member of the Swiss Directorate Frédéric-César de La Harpe) and his entourage people "whose brains were as empty of military knowledge as their chins were of hair, even though the feathered hat made them a general.

"[132] Alexander Statiev, on the other hand, judged: «Suvorov did not expect problems in the Alps because he was convinced that he could defeat the small French would easily sweep away garrisons stationed on its path.

However, due to inexperience in mountain warfare, Suvorov's corps had to contend with enormous strategic, tactical and logistics challenges, lost half of its troop strength and was unable to achieve its objectives.

Conclusion of the Russian-Canadian military scientist: "Although all previous battles in the Swiss campaign ended in Russian victories, the failure to break out of the Alps at Näfels was a strategic defeat that destroyed all of these victories because it was the final nail in the coffin of the strategic plan, which required the cooperation of the allied forces in Switzerland.»[133] The 21-year-old Maurice-François Dupin, grandson of Moritz of Saxony and father of the writer George Sand, provided Molitor with courier services as chasseur à cheval.

The later Federal Councilor Joachim Heer, the grandson of the government governor of the same name, described the state of the country after the warlike events of the summer and autumn of 1799 as follows: "The state - both the Helvetic Republic and the canton - without any financial resources, the communities exhausted by cruel requisitions; the wealthy sucked dry by an incredible billeting burden; the farmer stripped of livestock and fodder supplies; the poorer class without food and as a result of the complete stagnation of industry, without earnings [...]»[143]