Battle of Nagysalló

After the Battle of Vác the Hungarian army continued its advance in accordance with the plan for the second phase of the Spring Campaign as developed on 7 April.

[2] In the event that all of this was successfully completed, the imperials had only two choices: to retreat from Middle Hungary towards Vienna, or to face encirclement in Pest and Buda by the Hungarians.

[4] Even after this battle, the imperial high command under Field Marshal Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz was unsure whether the main Hungarian army was in front of Pest or had already moved north to relieve Komárom.

[5] When Windisch-Grätz finally seemed to grasp what was really happening, he wanted to make a powerful attack against the Hungarians outside Pest on 14 April, then to cross the Danube at Esztergom and cut off the force which was marching towards Komárom.

However, his corps commanders, General Franz Schlik and lieutenant field marshal Josip Jelačić refused to obey his orders, so his plan which could have caused serious problems for the Hungarian armies was never realized.

The so-called Galician corps, under the leadership of Lieutenant General Anton Vogel, and consisting of 11 infantry battalions, 8 cavalry companies, and 24 cannons, was sent on 8 April from Galicia in Northern Hungary, in order to stop the Hungarian troops' advance there.

[7] The numerical reinforcement of the Austrian troops was seen by Vienna as not enough to remediate the deteriorating situation in Hungary, so they decided to change also the leader of the army.

[8] Welden and Wohlgemuth met in Pozsony on 16 April, in which the new high commander ordered the latter to defend the roads leading from Léva to Komárom, instead of taking an offensive stance and attack them when they tried to cross the Garam river.

[11] In a letter to the high command written at midnight on 16 April he reported the Hungarians’ strength as 24,000 men with 48 guns, among them a 12-pounder battery, and that their purpose was to advance towards Komárom.

[21] Klapka, when he heard the gunshots, immediately rushed to Hölvény,[10] where after reorganizing these units, and bringing the rest of his corps northwest from Nagysalló,[20] he decided to retake the place and also informed Damjanich and Gáspár about the start of the battle.

[10] An hour later also Damjanich arrived on the battlefield in the middle of the deployment of the troops, and gave the order, accordingly to Klapka's plans, to start the attack.

[21] Upon hearing about this, Damjanich sent the Kökényessi-brigade in support, and the Kiss-brigade as a reserve to the right flank,[20] General Klapka also rushing there to organize the attack.

[10] Here the Bobich and the Dipold brigades were taken charge of by Major General Richard Guyon (who was not supposed to participate in the battle, because he was designated as the new commander of the besieged troops of Komárom, he just wanted to fight and help his army to obtain victory).

[21] Around 3 o'clock, when the cavalry, slowed down by the wet and swampy terrain, finally took their position, János Damjanich gave the order for the decisive attack against the Jablonowski division.

[10] Seeing his troops’ lack of success, Wohlgemuth was thinking of retreating, but he was waiting for Veigl's and Perin's brigades advancing from Bese and Köbölkút towards Jászfalu, to join his main body.

Two Hungarian battalions tried to outflank the village from the left, while the attack of the Waldberg brigade forced the remaining imperial troops to retreat from it.

[22][26] Meanwhile, the Austrians were able to hold the Hungarian advancement on the center, allowing the units from this portion of the battlefield to retreat on a bridge across the swampy creek southwards from Nagysalló towards Kismálas, while the Hungarian Czillich and the Leiningen brigades occupied the woods, then the cavalry and the infantry from the left wing chased out the Austrians from Kismálas.

[26] At that moment two imperial battalions charged out of the Nagymálas woods, but the Hungarian artillery fire shattered them and drove them into the village.

[26] The Hungarian vanguard was being led by Lieutenant-Colonel Lajos Zámbelly, the VII Corps chief of staff who sent two battalions into the woods near the village to attack the flank of the imperials fighting there.

[26] Meanwhile, Gáspár commanding the left wing linked up with Zámbelly's units and entered Nagymálas, driving the imperials away and chasing them to Farnad.

Here the Hungarian artillery again took the leading role and bombarded the enemy who split into two groups, one fleeing to Jászfalu, the other to the woods around Cseke.

[26] Then the larger group was pursued by the III Corps cavalry and the smaller by Zámbelly's troops with three squadrons of Sándor hussars, taking around 1,000 prisoners.

[29]) showed perfect coordination and the ability to make the right decisions when the situation required, which ensured success for the Hungarian army.

This victory enthuses and inspires all defenders of the homeland, who endure and suffer all the vicissitudes and hardships of the war, and look to the events of the future with high spirits.

[32] This defeat forced Wohlgemuth not to lead his army towards Komárom, where he planned to join the besieging Austrians, but to retreat, through Cseke, towards Érsekújvár.

[10] Two days after the battle, on 21 April, the first Hungarian units entered Komárom, ending the imperial blockade on the northern side of the fortress.

[27] So the next day he ordered the evacuation of Pest, leaving a substantial garrison in the fortress of Buda to defend it against Hungarian attack.

He ordered Jelačić to remain in Pest for a while, and then to retreat towards Eszék in Bácska where the Serbian insurgents allied with the Austrians were in a grave situation after the victories of the Hungarian armies led by Mór Perczel and Józef Bem.

The region in which the Battle of Nagysalló took place in a map from the middle of the 19th century
Damjanich János
Ludwig von Wohlgemuth
Battle of Nagysalló 19 April 1849. Opening moves of the battle
Battle of Nagysalló 19 April 1849. The military actions until 3 pm
Battle of Nagysalló 19 April 1849. The military actions until 4 pm
Battle of Nagysalló 19 April 1849. The end of the battle
Chasing the fleeing imperials at Nagysalló Than