Johann Christian Gottlob Baumgarten (7 April 1765 – 29 December 1843) was a German physician and botanist who was a native of Luckau in Lower Lusatia.
He studied at the medical-surgical college in Dresden and at the University of Leipzig (from 1785), where he was a student of Johann Ehrenfried Pohl.
In 1794, he was named district medical officer in Leschkirch, and from 1801, performed a similar role in Schäßburg (today known as Sighişoara, Romania).
[1] In 1816, he published the first of a four-volume work on Transylvanian flora titled "Enumeratio stirpium Magno Transsilvaniae principatui" (1816–46).
He is the taxonomic authority of the genera Telekia, Banffya, Candollea and Triodon as well as of numerous plant species.