According to the National Biodiversity Information System of Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) in Bavispe Flora and Fauna Protection Area there are over 1,040 plant and animal species from which 50 are in at risk category and  23 are exotics.

[4] Native mammals include jaguar (Panthera onca), puma (Puma concolor) American black bear (Ursus americanus), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus eremicus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), North American beaver (Castor canadensis), North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), neotropical river otter (Lutra longicaudis), black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans).

[2][4] Native birds include golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis), elegant trogon (Trogon elegans), acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae), Mexican jay (Aphelocoma wollweberi), military macaw (Ara militaris), and thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha).

[2][4] Reptiles and amphibians include the desert box turtle (Terrapene ornata), boa constrictor (Boa constrictor), Western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox), mountain spiny lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii), western narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne olivacea), and Tarahumara salamander (Ambystoma rosaceum rosaceum).

It was known until 2017 as Ajos-Bavispe National Forest Reserve and Wildlife Refuge, when it was re-designated a flora and fauna protection area.