It is located southeast of Chkalov Island, off Schastya Bay, facing the northwestern tip of Sakhalin.
This island is one of the few areas in Russia where the murrelets (long-billed and marbled) are considered common.
Administratively this island belongs to the Khabarovsk Krai of the Russian Federation.
This island was named after Soviet pilot Georgy Baydukov, co-pilot on the Antonov ANT-25 plane that flew on July 20, 1936 from Moscow through Franz Joseph Land, Severnaya Zemlya, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Khabarovsk.
The plane landed 56 hours and 20 minutes later in nearby Udd Island after having covered 9,374 km.