[5] Baylor County is part of the Texas Red Beds, which are strata of red-colored sedimentary rock from the Early Permian.

The fossils of Permian period vertebrates in the Texas Red Beds were first discovered by Edward Drinker Cope in 1877.

[10] As of the census[16] of 2000, 4,093 people, 1,791 households, and 1,156 families resided in the county.

In addition, 33.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

A small portion is served by the Olney Independent School District.

[17] The OISD portion was served by the Megargel Independent School District,[18] until MISD closed after May 2006.