Born as Zhang Zhengming (simplified Chinese: 张正明; traditional Chinese: 張正明) to a Shanghai family which had been Catholic for many generations, he studied at St Ignatius College in Shanghai and completed his doctorate of letters in sinology at the University of Paris in 1937.
[2] Because he refused to renounce his faith and to cooperate with the government in their persecution of the Church, Chang was arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and then died.
[2][3] William Aedan McGrath, in the cell opposite Chang, reported that he saw the priest languishing and vomiting in the cell for two months before he died on the morning of November 11, 1951.
[4] Chang's body was returned to the Church the next day on November 12 and Shanghai's Catholics began to venerate him as a martyr, turning out in great numbers for a series of requiem Masses.
[3] The Chinese authorities later admonished Shanghai's Catholic Bishop Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei.