His last appointment before the 30 October 1918 Armistice of Mudros that ended the war between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies was as governor of Beirut.

[3] Karakol was a secret Turkish nationalist organization formed in October or November 1918 to continue various aspects of the CUP's covert work, such as resistance to the Allied occupation, resistance to partition of Anatolia, and concealment of former CUP members accused of participation in the Armenian genocide.

[4] Summoned to Anatolia by Mustafa Kemal, Bekir Sami attended the Erzurum and Sivas congresses (July – September 1919), after which he joined the ranks of Turkish revolutionaries negotiating a united position with the Ottoman imperial government.

Three days later, Mustafa Kemal announced the establishment of the Ankara-based Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

[5] When Mustafa Kemal formed his first cabinet on 3 May 1920, Bekir Sami was named as the minister of foreign affairs.

Previous post-war Ottoman governments, aiming to stave off aggressive territorial ambitions by the victorious allies, had felt a need to acquiesce to the Allies' pressure for an international court or foreign power to try Turks accused of wartime crimes.

[6] The nationalist assembly viewed the London Agreement as a violation of Turkish sovereignty and Bekir Sami as having acted beyond the authority that the government had given him.