The class was used to work express trains operated by the Belgian State Railways and its successor, the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB), which was established in 1926.

The locomotives were noteworthy for their unusually short boiler, which ended behind all four cylinders.

Some type 10, captured by the Germans in World War I ; several damaged or worn out engines were cannibalized for spares and scrapped during the occupation of Belgium.

After the war, between the 1920s and the 1940s the surviving type 10 were gradually upgraded with new superheaters, Legein or Kylchap dual exhaust, ACFI feedwater heather, smoke lifters, duplex air pumps, larger tenders borrowed from war reparation locomotives.

10.018, has been preserved by the NMBS/SNCB for display at Train World, the Belgian national railway museum.