[1] While formal diplomatic relations have existed since Syria’s independence in 1946, the nature of these ties has varied significantly, particularly in response to regional conflicts and Belgium's stance on human rights.

Throughout the 20th century, relations were generally amicable, with occasional cooperation on trade,[3] cultural exchanges,[4] and participation in international organizations.

[3] Belgium was an importer of Syrian textiles, agricultural products, and phosphates, while exporting machinery, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals to Syria.

Trade relations declined considerably following the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, as the European Union imposed economic sanctions on Syria.

[12][13] Belgian authorities have collaborated with international agencies to address the return of foreign fighters and have worked to develop counter-radicalization programs within Belgium.