Relations between the two countries started in 1837 with the recognition of independent Belgium by the Ottoman Empire.

In March 2019, the Turkish foreign ministry summoned the Belgian ambassador, Michel Malherbe, and relayed Turkey's unease after a Belgian court blocked the prosecution of some 30 people with alleged links to the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK).

[5] Belgium condemned the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria and called on Turkey to halt it immediately.

[7] Trade volume between Turkey and Belgium has increased remarkably over the years and reached $ 6.886 billion in 2017.

[9] The Turkish–Belgian Business Council, and organisations with similar aims, give priority to promoting commercial linkages.