Apart from cycling events at the four-yearly Summer Olympics, the only times that road cyclists appear in proper national selections (instead of in commercial cycling teams) of one or multiple athletes are the yearly UCI Road World Championships.

Belgium first sent athletes to the World Championships in the early 1920s when only amateur cyclists competed.

The nation's first medal, a gold, was earned by Henri Hoevenaers in the men's amateur road race in 1925.

This is a list of all Belgian medals (including elite, amateur, under-23 and junior races).

Note that in these events also foreign cyclists can belong to the "national" team.