Benaoján (Spanish pronunciation: [benaoˈxan]) is a town and municipality in the province of Málaga, part of the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain.

The municipality is situated approximately 17 kilometers from Ronda and 116 km from the capital of the province.

The topography is very rugged karst mountains highlighting the two major geological formations: the Hundidero-Gato system and Cave of the Bathing Pool, of great importance for its prehistoric paintings dating from the Upper Paleolithic, for which it has been declared National Monument of Rock Art.

It is uneven terrain because of the mountain ranges of Montalate and Líbar and drained by the Guadiaro river.

The first evidence of settlement in the land of the current municipality of Benaoján dating back some 250,000 years ago, when Homo heidelbergensis groups using transverse valleys of the Sierra Bética moved between coastal and inland Andalucia.