Benedict Leonard Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore (21 March 1679 – 16 April 1715) was an English colonial administrator and politician who represented Harwich in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1714 to 1715.

He was the second son of Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore and Jane Lowe, and became his father's heir upon the death of his elder brother Cecil in 1681.

The 3rd Lord Baltimore was a devout Roman Catholic, and had lost his title to the Province of Maryland shortly after the events of the Glorious Revolution in 1688, when the Protestant monarchs William III and Mary II acceded to the British throne.

Benedict Calvert made strenuous attempts to have his family's title to Maryland restored by renouncing Roman Catholicism and joining the Church of England.

In February 1715 Benedict became the 4th Baron Baltimore upon the death of his father, and he immediately petitioned King George I for the restoration of Maryland to his control.

Since he was just five years old at the time, this appointment was a purely honorary one, with the real work of governorship being carried out by his deputy, Henry Darnall.

[1] Benedict Calvert correctly calculated that the chief impediment to the restoration of his family's title to Maryland was the question of religion.

[1] On 1 August 1714 Queen Anne died, leaving the Calverts with a new king and a new court to persuade of the merits of their family's claim to Maryland.