The AUPO bullet had an elongated, hollow base that acted as the case.
The propellant filled the hollow space, and was sealed into the bullet with a fulminate plug.
However, it was not necessary to eject it from the side of the weapon as in a normal cartridge, because the base followed the bullet down the barrel and exited at the muzzle, in a similar fashion to a sabot.
This simplified the action of the weapon, allowing it to move back and draw another round from the magazine, since there was no case to eject.
With the omission of the ejector mechanism and the ejection step in the action, there were fewer moving parts to jam and cause unreliable functioning of the weapon.