Benjamin Fain (Russian: Вениамин Моисеевич Файн, Hebrew: בנימין פיין) (February 17, 1930 – April 15, 2013) was an Israeli physicist, professor-emeritus, and former refusenik.

Fain was strongly impressed by the historical visit of the first Israeli ambassador to USSR, Golda Meir.

[2][3][4] In 1966 he moved to Moscow and started successful work in the Institute of Solid State Physics in Chernogolovka.

An attempt to organize an international symposium on the subject was foiled by the KGB,[6] which closely watched all his steps from then on.

After several arrests, searches, interrogations and a hunger strike Fain finally arrived in Israel in 1977.

Fain published his study on Jewish identity of Soviet Jews with the American sociologist Mervin Verbit.

After retirement Fain wrote his first philosophic book in Hebrew: "Creation Ex Nihilo", where he analyzes the relationship between religion and science.