Berg wind

When the air that has been heated on the extensive central plateau flows down the escarpment to the coast it undergoes further warming by adiabatic processes.

This releases latent heat into the atmosphere which is then warmed still further as the air descends on the leeward side (e.g., the Chinook or the original Föhn).

This is then followed by cool onshore winds which bring low cloud, fog or drizzle to the region, but may, on occasions, produce substantial precipitation when coupled to an approaching cold front.

This upwelling of cold subsurface water from the ocean increases the ocean-land temperature difference, causing an on-shore wind.

[3] The on-shore airflow is strengthened by the fact that the berg wind is not only hot, but it is also “stretched” vertically due to the sudden lowering of the floor over which it moves below the escarpment.

In addition, on reaching the escarpment the maritime air curves to the right round the low-pressure zone due to Coriolis forces (in the southern hemisphere) accentuating the cyclonic circulation of the "coastal low".

[2][3] The entire system is capped by an inversion consisting of a layer of warm air that has moved horizontally off the plateau at the level of the upper edge of the escarpment.

[3][4] Because of the often abrupt changes in horizontal and vertical wind speeds and direction that can occur within these small weather systems they represent a significant hazard to aircraft on landing and taking off.

Coastal lows are orographically trapped weather systems that also occur in other parts of the world, where there are mountain ranges between 1,000–4,000 kilometres (620–2,490 mi) in length.

The Southern African Central Plateau edged by the Great Escarpment .
The weather pattern commonly associated with a berg wind and accompanying coastal low along the coast of South Africa. The light blue lines indicate surface wind directions. The "H" indicates the position of a portion of the South Indian Ocean Anticyclone (high pressure system); the "L" indicates the position of the coastal low.
Berg wind blowing desert sand off the Namibian coast. These strong, hot winds are lofting plumes of dust directly out into the Atlantic Ocean in this panoramic image. The southern African equivalent of Santa Ana winds in California, berg winds blow on a few occasions in fall and winter, off all coasts of southern Africa. Namibia's great Sand Sea appears here as a reddish zone along the central part of the coast. It is more than 350 kilometers long, giving a sense of the length of the visible dust plumes.