Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Most of the village of Navarre is located in northwestern Bethlehem Township.

The township also contains the unincorporated community of Smoketown within its east central portion.

Statewide, the only other Bethlehem Township is located in Coshocton County.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[7] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.