[3][4] A member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), he represents the Sanaganer constituency in the 16th Rajasthan Assembly.

[12] Sharma began his political career with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) during his school days through its student wing, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP).

In 1990, he participated in the ABVP's Kashmir Bachao Andolan march to Srinagar amid the exodus of Kashmiri Hindus and was arrested in Udhampur.

[9] In the early 1990s, Sharma joined the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (BJYM) and served as its district president thrice.

[16][17] On 12 December 2023, he was appointed the 14th Chief Minister of Rajasthan by the Bharatiya Janata Party, alongside two deputy CMs, Diya Kumari and Prem Chand Bairwa.