Bharat stage emission standards
The standards and the timeline for implementation are set by the Central Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
[4] In its recent judgment, the Supreme Court has banned the sale and registration of motor vehicles conforming to the emission standard Bharat Stage IV in the entire country from 1 April 2020.
In fact, Petroleum Ministry OMCs were asked to examine the possibility of introduction of BS VI auto fuels in the whole of NCR area from 1 April 2019.
The phasing out of 2-stroke engine for two wheelers, the cessation of production of the Maruti 800, and the introduction of electronic controls have been due to the regulations related to vehicular emissions.
[6] While the norms help in bringing down pollution levels, it invariably results in increased vehicle cost due to the improved technology and higher fuel prices.
Both BSIV and BSVI area unit emission norms that set the most permissible levels for pollutants emitting from an automotive or a two-wheeler exhaust.
The fourth iteration BSIV or BS4 was introduced in 2017, and therefore the delay between the introduction of BS3 and BS4 resulted in the fast-tracking of the BSVI or BS6 standards by skipping the BSV (BS5) norms.
Car makers were not prepared for this transition and in a subsequent judgement the implementation date for Euro II was not enforced.
The committee proposed a road map for the roll-out of Euro based emission norms for India.
The policy also created guidelines for auto fuels, reduction of pollution from older vehicles and R&D for air quality data creation and health administration.
[12] † Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jamshedpur, Agra and Guwahati The above standards apply to all new 4-wheeled vehicles sold and registered in the respective regions.
In addition, the National Auto Fuel Policy introduces certain emission requirements for interstate buses with routes originating or terminating in Delhi or the other 10 cities.
To meet the emission requirements of Bharat Stage-6, the carburetors in petrol engines need to be replaced by the programmed fuel injectors.
The major technical changes to associated with this are: There is also no provision to make the CO2 emissions labelling mandatory on cars in the country.
Emissions from new diesel engines used in generator sets have been regulated by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India [GSR 371 (E), 17 May 2002].
But FGD is not installed, as it is not required for low sulphur Indian coals while considering SOx emission from individual chimney.
In addition to the above emission standards, the selection of a site for a new power plant has to maintain the local ambient air quality as given in Table 17.
However the norms for SOx are even stricter for selection of sites for World Bank funded projects (refer Table 18).
In view of the above, it may be seen that improved environment norms are linked to financing and are being enforced by international financial institutions and not by the policies/laws of land.
India is planning to introduce Bio-diesel, ethanol petrol blends in a phased manner and has drawn up a road map for the same.
** European method is under development @ Applicable for Fatty Acid Methyl Ester @@ Applicable for Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester Presently, all vehicles need to undergo a periodic emission check (3 months/ 6 months/ 1 year) at PUC centres, fuel stations and private garages which are authorized to check the vehicles.
In addition, transport vehicles need to undergo an annual fitness check carried out by RTOs for emissions, safety and road-worthiness.
Some reasons for this are: The Bharat stage norms have been styled to suit specific needs and demands of Indian conditions.
In one particular instance, research from two German technology institutes found that for diesel cars no 'real' NOx reductions have been achieved after 13 years of stricter standards.
[26] To involve all stake holders in regulation formulation, MoSRT&H has constituted two Committees to deliberate and advise Ministry on issues relating to Safety and Emission Regulations, namely – This Committee advises MoSRT&H on various technical aspects related to CMVR.
This committee has representatives from various organisations namely; Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises (MoHI&PE)), MoSRT&H, Bureau Indian Standards (BIS), Testing Agencies such as Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT - www.icat.in), Vehicle Research Development & Establishment (VRDE), Central Institute of Road Transport (CIRT), industry representatives from Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), Automotive Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA) and Tractor Manufacturers Association (TMA) and representatives from State Transport Departments.
Major functions of this committee are – Based on the recommendations from CMVR-TSC and SCOE, MoSRT&H issues notification for necessary amendments / modifications to the Central Motor Vehicle Rules.
