From verses in his main work, Siddhānta Śiromaṇi, it can be inferred that he was born in 1114 in Vijjadavida (Vijjalavida) and living in the Satpura mountain ranges of Western Ghats, believed to be the town of Patana in Chalisgaon, located in present-day Khandesh region of Maharashtra by scholars.

[7][8] Henry Colebrooke who was the first European to translate (1817) Bhaskaracharya II's mathematical classics refers to the family as Maharashtrian Brahmins residing on the banks of the Godavari.

[9] Born in a Hindu Deshastha Brahmin family of scholars, mathematicians and astronomers, Bhaskara II was the leader of a cosmic observatory at Ujjain, the main mathematical centre of ancient India.

[14] Bhāskara gives his date of birth, and date of composition of his major work, in a verse in the Āryā metre:[14] Rasa-guṇa-pūrṇa-mahī-sama-śakanṛpa-samaye ऽbhavan-mamotpattiḥ । Rasa-guṇa-varṣeṇa mayā siddhānta-śiromaṇī racitaḥ ॥[citation needed] This reveals that he was born in 1036 of the Shaka era (1114 CE), and that he composed the Siddhānta Shiromani when he was 36 years old.

Munishvara (17th century), a commentator on Siddhānta Shiromani of Bhaskara has given the information about the location of Vijjadavida in his work Marīci Tīkā as follows:[3] सह्यकुलपर्वतान्तर्गत भूप्रदेशे महाराष्ट्रदेशान्तर्गतविदर्भपरपर्यायविराटदेशादपि निकटे गोदावर्यां नातिदूरे

His father Maheśvara[15] (Maheśvaropādhyāya[14]) was a mathematician, astronomer[14] and astrologer, who taught him mathematics, which he later passed on to his son Lokasamudra.

case that was to elude Fermat and his European contemporaries centuries later In the third section Grahagaṇita, while treating the motion of planets, he considered their instantaneous speeds.

[14] He arrived at the approximation:[20] It consists of 451 verses In his words:[20] bimbārdhasya koṭijyā guṇastrijyāhāraḥ phalaṃ dorjyāyorantaram[citation needed]This result had also been observed earlier by Muñjalācārya (or Mañjulācārya) mānasam, in the context of a table of sines.

Līlāvatī is divided into 13 chapters and covers many branches of mathematics, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and a little trigonometry and measurement.

Furthermore, the Lilavati contained excellent problems and it is thought that Bhaskara's intention may have been that a student of 'Lilavati' should concern himself with the mechanical application of the method.

[25] His work Bījaganita is effectively a treatise on algebra and contains the following topics: Bhaskara derived a cyclic, chakravala method for solving indeterminate quadratic equations of the form ax2 + bx + c = y.

[23] The Siddhānta Shiromani (written in 1150) demonstrates Bhaskara's knowledge of trigonometry, including the sine table and relationships between different trigonometric functions.

[citation needed] Preliminary concepts of Differential calculus and mathematical analysis, along with a number of results in trigonometry that are found in the work are of particular interest.

[25] Bhaskara also goes deeper into the 'differential calculus' and suggests the differential coefficient vanishes at an extremum value of the function, indicating knowledge of the concept of 'infinitesimals'.

It covers topics such as: The earliest reference to a perpetual motion machine date back to 1150, when Bhāskara II described a wheel that he claimed would run forever.

This device could vary from a simple stick to V-shaped staffs designed specifically for determining angles with the help of a calibrated scale.

[33] It has been stated, by several authors, that Bhaskara II proved the Pythagorean theorem by drawing a diagram and providing the single word "Behold!".

On 20 November 1981 the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Bhaskara II satellite honouring the mathematician and astronomer.