[2] Mukherjee holds a Senior Honorary Visiting Fellow position at the Biostatistics Unit of the Medical Research Council, working on the theme of population health at the University of Cambridge, UK.

Mukherjee's research has been focused on the development and application of statistical methods in epidemiology, environmental health and disease risk assessment.

[9] She has served as the past Chair for Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS) for a three-year term 2019-2021.

At the completion of her M.Stat, The Ramakrishna Mission awarded her the Debesh-Kamal scholarship for studying abroad and Mukherjee moved to the United States, where she received her M.S.

[7][11] Her advisor was William J. Studden and her thesis title was "Optimal designs for estimating the path of a stochastic process".

Mukherjee's research has primarily focused on the development and application of statistical methods in epidemiology, analysis of observational data and disease risk assessment.

One of the focal points of Mukherjee's research is to understand how the interaction between genes and environment increases or decreases cancer risk.

In this area, she has studied how lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity coupled with the genetic makeup of an individual impact their cancer risk.

She has also worked on developing models that use genetic data to predict which individuals have a higher cancer risk.