[3][better source needed] However, it is unclear whether this "transcription" refers to an extant copy of the Biag ni Lam-ang text.

Some texts, such as Celedonio Aguilar's Readings in Philippine Literature even state that this transcription occurred in 1640[4]—long after Bukaneg is believed to have died.

[5] Instead, historian E. Arsenio Manuel attributes the first written documentation of Biag Ni Lam-ang to the parish priest of the municipality Narvacan Fr.

Upon arriving home, Lam-ang decides to court his love interest, Ines Kannoyan who lives in Calanutian (Kanluit).

After his death due to being eaten by a huge fish, Lam-ang's bones are recovered and he is resurrected with the help of his magical pets.

Ines is ordered by the rooster to wrap the bones with her tapis while the hen flapped its wings and the dog growled.

Biag ni Lam-ang, though dominated by action and tragedy, nonetheless contained some comedic points.

Folklorist Mellie Leandicho Lopez notes that "later versions of the epic differ from the early texts due to the addition of more Christian and Spanish elements in the adventures of the Culture hero Lam-Ang.

Philippine anthropologists and historiographers such as F. Landa Jocano suggest that such Hindu influences probably arrived in the Philippines through the extensive trade that local cultures had with the Majapahit Empire during the 14th through 16th centuries,[2][9][10] although earlier scholars such as Juan R. Francisco and Josephine Acosta Pasricha had suggested earlier dates for this influence, during the ninth to the tenth century AD.

[15] In 2018, Biag ni Lam-Ang was illustrated as a single-panel narrative by Jill Arwen Posadas for the Ang Ilustrador ng Kabataan exhibition, Enchantment.