To prevent the disruption of traffic, Biblioteka Imeni Lenina was built using underground excavation rather than cut and cover even though the station ceiling is just two metres (6.5 ft) below ground level.

Soil conditions and the narrowness of the space in which the station was to be built necessitated a single-vault design, the only one on the first Metro line.

The main station vault was built from rubble stone set in concrete and reinforced with an iron framework.

The southern vestibule, located between the old and new buildings of the State Library, is shared with Borovitskaya.

The temporary northern vestibule, which served Biblioteka Imeni Lenina and Aleksandrovsky Sad, was removed in the 1940s.