An Act to amend the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Criminal Code (French: Loi modifiant la Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne et le Code criminel) is a law passed in 2017 by the Parliament of Canada.

It also adds that evidence that an offence was motivated by bias, prejudice or hate based on a person's gender identity or expression constitutes an aggravating circumstance for a court to consider when imposing a criminal sentence.

[6]The law amends the Canadian Human Rights Act by adding "gender identity or expression" as a prohibited ground of discrimination.

In February 2011, it passed third reading in the House of Commons with support from all parties but was not considered in the Senate before Parliament was dissolved for the 41st Canadian federal election.

The Canadian Bar Association supported the passage of the bill by writing a detailed letter to the Chair of the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs.

[13] Following the introduction of the bill in the House of Commons, but before introduction in the Senate, an online survey on C-16 conducted by the Angus Reid Institute found that 84 percent of the 1,416 adult Canadians surveyed said they support adding "gender identity as a prohibited ground for discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act" while 16% opposed.

[22] In 2018, a year after the bill came into force, a spokesperson for the federal Department of Justice, stated that he was not aware of anyone being jailed for using misgendered pronouns.

[23] AFP Fact Check stated that same year that a review of the Canadian legal databases did not show any case of an individual being sent to jail for misusing gender pronouns.