[4] Dutta was released from jail in May 1938, after which he travelled back to Tripura to build a branch of the Communist Party there.
[5] When the Janshiksha Samiti ('People's Educational Association') was founded in 1945, Dutta played a key role as an organizer, albeit not officially being part of the leadership of the movement.
[4][8] CPI contested the elections in Tripura on a 4-point program: abolition of the Chief Commissioner's administration, rehabilitation schemes for both Bengali refugees and tribals, land reform and an end to repressive laws.
[9] Dutta returned to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 Indian general election, winning the Tripura West seat with 86,084 votes (52.12%).
[10] Dutta lost the Tripura West seat in the 1967 Indian general election, now standing as a candidate of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
[11] The result was challenged, with accusations of rigging, but the Supreme Court of India awarded the victory to the Indian National Congress candidate.
[13] After the election Dutta urged the party leadership to install tribal leader Dasarath Deb as Chief Minister.
Instead the party selected Bengali Nripen Chakraborty, a move Dutta called 'a big mistake'.
Dutta later argued that had the party selected a tribal Chief Minister at this juncture, the violent upheaval that Tripura experienced could have been avoided.