However, there are often clear distinctions to be made between brain damage caused by birth trauma and that induced by intrauterine asphyxia.

Birth injuries encompass any systemic damages incurred during delivery (hypoxic, toxic, biochemical, infection factors, etc.

Caput succedaneum, bruises, bleeding along the displacements of cranial bones, and subcapsular hematomas of the liver are among reported birth injuries.

[2] Trauma to the head of the infant can manifest as caput succedaneum, skull fractures, extracranial and intracranial hemorrhages, and cranial nerve injuries.

Caput succeedaneum is seen as edema in the scalp due to squeezing of the veins from increased pressure while passing through the birth canal.