The Black Church (Romanian: Biserica Neagră, German: Die Schwarze Kirche, Hungarian: Fekete templom), stands in the city of Brașov in south-eastern Transylvania, Romania.

It was built by the local Transylvanian Saxon (German) community of the city during medieval times and represents the main Gothic-style monument in the country, as well as being the largest and one of the most important houses of worship in the region which belong to the Lutheran, i.e., Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession in Romania.

Author Judit Petki contends that, contrary to a widely held view, the Black Church received its dark appearance not as a result of the fire which affected much of the city in 1689, but only in recent times due to pollution.

She bases her view on 21st-century studies, which have found no evidence of fire destruction; the church has blackened simply because of environmental pollution after Brașov has turned into an industrial city in the 19th century.

[9] Its chancel originally featured a single column, but its role in supporting the entire central structure — on the model of German cathedrals built by Hans Stettheimer (a view expressed by researchers such as Ernst Kühlbrandt and Antal Hekler) is under dispute.

[13] The most intense work took place before and after 1450, and involved completing the exceptionally large number of portals, including the northern "Golden Gate" and its adjacent altar of the Holy Sacrifice.

[4] The oldest features surviving include several sculptures, arches, simpler masonry patterns such as trilobes, as well as numerous portals, while the crowning is imitation Gothic dating from the 18th century.

[11] The oldest sculpture appears to be the almost completely deteriorated bust of John the Baptist; it is located in the choir section[clarification needed] and reflects the Bohemian Gothic art as seen in the works of Johann and Peter Parler.

[24] Newer medieval sculptures, created after 1450 and showing some Renaissance influences, feature the northward bas-relief depicting Jesus Christ in the Temple of Jerusalem, as well as various figures on the same facade.

The twelve statues seen today on the choir buttresses are copies created by local artists and placed there in 1937–1944, when the badly weathered 15th-century originals were moved inside the church, where they are still on display.

[21] The church also features a cast iron tabernacle in Gothic style, a baptismal font completed in 1472 and donated by a merchant named Johannes Rewdel, two large chalices (both dated around 1504) and several brocade chasubles (created between in the late 15th and mid-16th centuries).