The province and diocese have a Marian second Minor Basilica: Santuario-Basilica della Madonna del Transito Santuario, in Canoscio.

In 550, by order of the Ostrogothic king Totila, the city then known as Tifernum or Civitas Tiberina was captured and destroyed.

In 875 Bishop Rainaldus was summoned to appear before the papal apocrisiarius Gregory and the magister militum Georgius, the vestiarius of the Patriarch of Aquileia, to answer a charge of homicide.

Having failed to deal with the situation, despite several letters of excommunication, Rainaldus was summoned by Pope John VIII to appear in Rome and stand trial.

Rainaldus appeared at the papal court, but stealthily avoided taking his seat in the synod, and instead fled the city by going over the walls like a thief.

Cardinal Robert of Geneva (later Pope Clement VII, Avignon Obedience), undertook to recapture it with Breton mercenaries, but was repulsed.

After fruitless negotiations Cardinal Giuliano laid siege to the city, but Vitelli did not surrender until he learned that the command of the army had been given to Duke Federigo of Urbino.